Answer: a. Christianity and Islam
Illuminated manuscripts were handwritten books whose texts had silver or golden inscriptions. They were used by Christian and Islamic scholars. These manuscripts were first made by the monks in the abbey before they became increasingly popular and were used for commercial purposes.
The book of Hours — a book for Christian prayers — was the most widely known manuscript. Because of the great demand for the book, more were made and given to the public. That explains why it is one of the few illuminated manuscripts that survived the times.